Mengapa Hormat Nazi Dilarang? Halaman all

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Perwira partai Nazi melakukan hormat Nazi

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Perwira partai Nazi melakukan hormat Nazi()

Perwira partai Nazi melakukan hormat Nazi

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KOMPAS.com - Dilansir dari laman Deutsche Welle, pada 2017 silam, dua turis asal Tiongkok ditangkap polisi Jerman dan dibebaskan setelah membayar denda sebesar 500 Euro.

Mereka ditangkap karena foto dengan pose hormat Nazi di depan gedung parlemen Jerman. Tanpa mereka ketahui, Jerman telah melarang penggunaan simbol Nazi, sejak akhir Perang Dunia ke-2.

Kenapa hormat Nazi dilarang? Mari simak alasannya!

Hormat Nazi merupakan gestur sapaan yang digunakan masyarakat Jerman pada masa kekuasaan partai Nazi di Jerman.

Gestur ini dilakukan dengan menjulurkan lengan kanan ke udara, seraya mengatakan “Heil Hitler!” (Salam Hitler!), “Heil, Mein Führer!” (Salam, pemimpinku!), atau “Sieg Heil!” (Salam kemenangan!).

Seorang perwira militer yang bersorak “Sieg!” (kemenangan) harus dibalas dengan seruan “Heil!” (Salam!).

Baca juga: Peristiwa Reunifikasi Jerman (1990)

Setelah diadopsi sebagai gestur sapaan resmi oleh partai Nazi, masyarakat diwajibkan mengganti sapaan sehari-hari dengan hormat Nazi. Misalnya ketika berkunjung ke toko, berpapasan satu sama lain, dan pada bendera partai Nazi.

Alih-alih menyapa dengan “Guten Morgen” (Selamat Pagi) atau sapaan umum lainnya, masyarakat Jerman harus mengangkat lengan kanan mereka ke udara dan menyebut “Heil Hitler”.

Tak hanya itu, korespondensi secara tertulis juga diakhiri dengan tulisan “Heil Hitler”. Ini dilakukan sebagai tanda kehormatan dan kesetiaan mereka terhadap partai Nazi beserta pemimpinnya, Adolf Hitler.

Jerman di bawah pemerintahan partai Nazi

Pada dasarnya, hormat Nazi dilarang karena asosiasinya dengan partai fasis ekstrem kanan yang berkuasa di Jerman dari 1933 sampai 1945.

Di bawah pemerintahan Adolf Hitler yang mengusung gagasan rasialis dan otoriter, partai Nazi merampas hak asasi manusia sejumlah golongan masyarakat yang dianggap bukan bagian dari “ras Arya” atau “ras Jerman murni” yang superior.

Hitler bersikeras bahwa kemurnian “ras Jerman” yang murni adalah yang berambut pirang, bermata biru, serta berbadan atletis, harus dipertahankan agar bangsa Jerman dapat menjadi pemimpin dunia.

Baca juga: Kalimat Tanya Tidak Langsung dalam Bahasa Jerman serta Contohnya

Akibatnya, penangkapan, persekusi, kebijakan diskriminatif seperti sterilisasi paksa, bahkan pembunuhan terhadap orang-orang yang tidak memenuhi kriteria pun dijalankan.

Beberapa pihak yang termasuk di dalamnya, antara lain orang Roma (Gipsi), orang Afro-Jerman, homoseksual, dan pengidap disabilitas.

Dengan didorong ideologi rasis, partai Nazi turut menyebarluaskan kepercayaan bahwa bangsa Yahudi merupakan "kutu parasit" yang pantas dibasmi.

Bersama dengan bangsa "inferior lainnya", bangsa Yahudi dikirim ke berbagai kamp konsentrasi untuk kerja paksa, bahkan tak jarang pula dibunuh.

Jerman di bawah pemerintahan partai Nazi melakukan genosida terbesar sepanjang sejarah terhadap bangsa Yahudi di Eropa. Peristiwa yang dikenal sebagai Holocaust ini telah menewaskan 6 juta orang Yahudi.

Hormat Nazi dilarang di Jerman dan sejumlah negara lain

Kini, partai beserta hormat Nazi sudah dilarang di Jerman dan sejumlah negara lainnya, seperti Austria, Slovakia, dan Republik Ceko, baik bentuk tertulis, lisan, maupun aksi menjulurkan lengan kanan tanpa mengucapkan “Heil Hitler”.

Baca juga: Kalimat Tanya Tidak Langsung dalam Bahasa Jerman serta Contohnya

Berbagai simbol partai Nazi, seperti gambar dan swastika hanya boleh digunakan dalam pengajaran, penelitian, dan konteks seni.

Di Jerman, melakukan hormat Nazi sama dengan melakukan pelanggaran hukum. Pelanggaran ini dapat dikenakan hukuman denda atau penjara sampai tiga tahun.

Semenjak akhir Perang Dunia ke-2, hormat Nazi diasosiasikan dengan kelompok neo-Nazi dan supremasi orang kulit putih yang terus menggunakan salam ini.

Referensi

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domain=url[2]+'/'+url[3] } let user_subs_type = "Gues"; let subs_type = "" let is_lgn = 0; let engine = algsrc; if(getCookie('kmps_usrid')){is_lgn=1}; let endDate = new Date(); let time_load = (endDate.getTime() - startDate.getTime()); } }); } const _jxRecSdkURL = 'https://scripts.jixie.media/jxrecsdk.1.0.min.js'; var startDate = new Date(); class OneWidget { constructor() { //this is also the one we will pass to the JX rec helper object when //we instantiate it: //In this implementation most of these come from the options obj //on the publisher page. this._options = { accountid: '9262bf2590d558736cac4fff7978fcb1', pageurl: 'https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2022/05/09/103000069/mengapa-hormat-nazi-dilarang', widget_id: '1000183-6xWeiWZFIM', type: 'pages', container: 'rekomendasi-konten-pilihan-untukmu-aiml', keywords: content_tags, title: title, customid: "69", count: 14, }; this._containerId = this._options.container; this._container = document.getElementById(this._containerId); this._engines = [{"url":"https:\/\/recommendation.jixie.media\/v1\/recommendation","method":"GET","pageurl":"https:\/\/www.kompas.com\/skola\/read\/2022\/05\/09\/103000069\/mengapa-hormat-nazi-dilarang","system":"jx","type":"api-1","tracker_params":"?source=widgetML","tracker_algsrc":"V","count":14,"page_status":"read","excludeitemids":"20220509103000069"}]; 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} } } check_gtm_ready() document.querySelector('.wSpec-secret').addEventListener('click', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); let wSl = document.querySelectorAll('.wSpec-source'); if (wSl.length > 0) { for (let i = 0; i < wSl.length; i++) { wSl[i].classList.toggle('show') } } }) function trackEventGa(category, action, label) { if ("ga" in window) { ga(function() { tracker = ga.getAll()[0]; if (tracker) { tracker.send("event", category, action, label); console.log('track event ', category, action, label) } }) } } function formBody(obj) { let formBody = []; for (var property in obj) { let encodedKey = encodeURIComponent(property); let encodedValue = encodeURIComponent(obj[property]); formBody.push(encodedKey + "=" + encodedValue); } return formBody.join("&"); } function getCookie(name) { var name = name + '='; var cookies = decodeURIComponent(document.cookie).split(';'); for (var i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) { var c = cookies[i]; while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') { c = c.substring(1); } if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) { return c.substring(name.length, c.length); } } } function get_guid(url) { const videoPath = url.match(/\/watch\/(\d+)/); if (videoPath) { return `video.${videoPath[1]}`; } let arrayUrl = url.split('/'); let readPath = arrayUrl.indexOf('read'); if (arrayUrl[readPath + 1] == 'xml') { readPath += 1; } let year = arrayUrl[readPath + 1]; let month = arrayUrl[readPath + 2]; let date = arrayUrl[readPath + 3]; let id = arrayUrl[readPath + 4]; let guid = `.xml.${year}.${month}.${date}.${id}`; return guid; } function toggleDropdown() { let tdd = document.querySelectorAll('[data-dropdown]') if (!!tdd) { tdd.forEach((el) => { el.addEventListener('click', function() { el.parentElement.classList.toggle('-active') let saved = el.parentElement.getAttribute('data-saved') let kmps_usrid = getCookie('kmps_usrid'); if (kmps_usrid && !saved && el.parentElement.classList.contains('-active')) { let url = el.parentElement.getAttribute('data-url'); let guid = get_guid(url); check_bookmark( kmps_usrid, guid ).then(function(resp) { if (resp.hasOwnProperty('total_data')) { if (resp.total_data > 0) { el.parentElement.querySelector('.buttonBookmark').classList.add('-active'); el.parentElement.querySelector('.buttonBookmark').innerHTML = 'Hapus dari tersimpan'; el.parentElement.setAttribute('data-saved', 'true'); } else { el.parentElement.setAttribute('data-saved', 'false'); } } }) } }) document.addEventListener("click", function(e) { // console.log(e.target) if (el.contains(e.target)) { // console.log(tdd) } else { el.parentElement.classList.remove('-active') } }); }); } } function check_bookmark(kmps_usrid, guid) { let url = `https://api.kompas.com/2021/reaction/bookmark/list?kmps_usrid=${kmps_usrid}&guid=${guid}`; return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { resolve(JSON.parse(this.responseText)) } }; xmlhttp.open("GET", url, true); xmlhttp.send(); }); } function do_bookmark(pageurl, pos, userFeedback) { const wSpecItem = document.querySelector(`.wSpec-item[data-index="${pos}"]`); const btnBookmark = wSpecItem.querySelector('.buttonBookmark'); const kmps_usrid = getCookie('kmps_usrid'); const guid = get_guid(pageurl); const type = pageurl.match(/\/watch\/(\d+)/) ? 'video' : 'article'; if (kmps_usrid) { if (btnBookmark.classList.contains('-active')) { set_unbookmark({ guid: guid, kmps_usrid: kmps_usrid, type: type }).then(function(resp) { btnBookmark.classList.remove('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Simpan artikel'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil dihapus dari list yang disimpan'); userFeedback.event('un-save'); }).catch(function(resp) { // message: "Data doesn't exists" if (resp.hasOwnProperty('message') && resp.message.includes('exist')) { btnBookmark.classList.remove('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Simpan artikel'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil dihapus dari list yang disimpan'); } }) } else { const user_bookmark_url = "https://activity.kompas.com/saved?order=desc"; set_bookmark({ guid: guid, kmps_usrid: kmps_usrid, type: type, publisher: 'kompas', platform: 'desktop' }).then(function(resp) { btnBookmark.classList.add('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Hapus dari tersimpan'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil disimpan', user_bookmark_url); userFeedback.event('save'); }).catch(function(resp) { // message: "Data already exist" if (resp.hasOwnProperty('message') && resp.message.includes('exist')) { btnBookmark.classList.add('-active'); btnBookmark.innerHTML = 'Hapus dari tersimpan'; reactionToast('Artikel berhasil disimpan', user_bookmark_url); } }) } } else { const login_url = "https://account.kompas.com/login/a29tcGFz/" + btoa(window.location.href); window.location.href = login_url; } } function set_bookmark(data) { const url = "https://api.kompas.com/2021/reaction/bookmark/add"; return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { const xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 201) { resolve(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } else if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 400) { reject(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } }; xmlhttp.open("POST", url, true); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8"); xmlhttp.send(formBody(data)); }); } function set_unbookmark(data) { const url = "https://api.kompas.com/2021/reaction/bookmark/delete"; return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { const xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) { resolve(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } else if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 400) { reject(JSON.parse(this.responseText)); } }; xmlhttp.open("POST", url, true); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8"); xmlhttp.send(formBody(data)); }); } class UserFeedback { constructor(engine, pageurl, jxRecHelper, pos) { this.engine = engine; this.pageurl = pageurl; this.jxRecHelper = jxRecHelper; this.pos = pos; } event(feedback) { if (this.engine == 'C') { const xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); let params = { domain: 'kompas.com', ce_userid: getCookie('kmps_usrid'), ce_sessionid: getCookie('ukid'), ce_pageurl: this.pageurl, engine: 'C', ce_feedback: feedback } xmlhttp.open("GET", 'https://apis.kgdata.dev/v1/aiml/feedback-widgetml' + formatParams(params)); xmlhttp.send(); } else if (this.engine == 'V') { if (feedback == 'share') { this.jxRecHelper.shared(this.pos); } else if (feedback == 'save') { this.jxRecHelper.bookmarked(this.pos); } else if (feedback == 'not-interested') { this.jxRecHelper.hidden(this.pos); } else if (feedback == 'un-not-interested') { this.jxRecHelper.unhidden(this.pos); } } } } function formatParams(params) { return "?" + Object .keys(params) .map(function(key) { return key + "=" + encodeURIComponent(params[key]) }) .join("&") } document.addEventListener("click", function(e){ let dx = document.querySelectorAll('[data-dropdown]') if(dx) { dx.forEach(function(el){ if(el.contains(e.target)) { el.parentElement.classList.toggle('-active') } else { el.parentElement.classList.remove('-active') } }) } })

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